【日本工作】炒散 vs 1日店員 ── 港日散工待遇大不同？
大學生要賺外快，可以在課餘時間兼職，有部份學生則會「炒散」，打散工一嘗「窮人版 Slash」的滋味。在追求穩定生活的香港，大眾對「炒散」的印象相對負面，不過在職場文化更為傳統的日本，「1日店員」越來越盛行，更解決了勞動力不足的困境。
日本職場終身聘用制相當著名，不過隨着時代轉變，部份年輕人不再嚮往長期飯票，追求更自由的生活。日本的散工又稱為「1日店員」，取其只上班一天的特性。實際上「1日店員」的工作時間更為彈性，只上班幾小時、或上午找人、下午獲聘、夜晚上班的情況比比皆是。
港日職場同樣受惠求職網站和求職app 的興起，令公司招聘與及求職者搵工更為方便，亦提升了工作資訊的透明度，進一步增加年輕人投入散工大軍的興趣。同為職場上的「過客」，港日兩地的散工們待遇上是否有天淵之別？
1. 人工差異
香港與日本的人工當然不能直接相提並論，但可以比較兩地散工與正規員工的薪金差異。在香港，由於不少行業缺人情況嚴重，加上工作性質及環境問題，僱主往往要付出較一般員工更高的時薪或日薪，才能招聘到足夠的散工填補人手空缺，當中以酒店、展覽、飲食業情況最為普遍。
日本散工獲得的薪金相當浮動，並會按供求需要而變動，但一般而言，日本散工的人工較正規員工為低。據求職網站的資料顯示，散工的時薪普遍較長工少100日元（約7港元）。
2. 勞工福利
日本「1日店員」薪水較低，但仍然吸引年輕人投身，一定程度是因為這些散工可獲得基本的福利和保障。即使沒有面試、只經求職app 聘請、或只上班一天，公司都會與員工簽約，直接僱用員工，可享與正規員工一樣的工傷保障。不過太正規的聘用程序，會額外增加了僱主的行政成本。
香港「炒散」雖同樣獲勞工法例保障，但要連續工作4星期、每星期不少於18小時才可得到等同於連續性合約的福利和保障，「炒散」難以受惠。即使最基本如法例訂明的工傷保障，也會有僱主「走法律罅」，要求散工以自僱身份上班，保障形同虛設。
3. 工作性質
香港和日本渴求散工的行業，都集中於餐飲及零售。香港的餐飲業及零售業由於面對租金成本高昂等原因，難以聘用足夠的人數應付需要，散工們往往要「以一敵百」，應付兩人甚至更多的工作量。日本的「一日店員」就幸福得多，工作量相對較輕，亦較少因為人手不足而瘋狂「補位」的情況，港日散工的工作氣氛猶如天堂與地獄。
文章轉載自I am…青年職學平台
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